In this article in the deep learning memorization series, you'll learn how one part of memorization happens -- highly repeated data from the "head" of the long-tailed distribution.

Recall from the data collection article that some examples are overrepresented in the dataset. They live in the "head" area and might be …

In this article in the series on machine learning memorization, you'll dive deeper into how typical machine learning training and evaluation happens, a crucial step in ensuring the machine learning model actually "learns" something. Let's review the steps that lead up to training a deep learning model.

High-level steps to …

In this series, you've learned a bit about how data is collected for machine learning, but what happens next? You need to turn the collected data -- images, text, video, audio or even just a spreadsheet -- into numbers that can be learned by a model. How does this happen?

You probably are already aware that many machine learning datasets come from scraped internet data. Maybe you received the infamous GPT response: "Please note that my knowledge is limited to information available up until September 2021." You might have also read fear-mongering opinions and articles that companies will "run out …

When's the last time that ChatGPT parroted someone else's words to you? Or the last time a diffusion model you used recreated someone's art, someone's photo, someone's face? Has Copilot given you someone else's code without permission or attribution? If this happened, how would you know for sure?

In this …

Want to learn more about how, when and why machine learning, particularly deep learning systems memorize data? By studying memorization, you'll learn more about how machine learning systems really function, along with how privacy works from a technical point-of-view. You'll also be better able to decide how, when and where …